Memo Audience Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Memo Audience Analysis - Essay Example They have the responsibility of steering the business in China to profitability. This group of individuals are quite aware that consumption trends do vary according to the population. However, it may not be clear to them how the market situation for soft drinks in China is. The presentation will endeavour to provide meaningful insight into the market situation in China and the factors that influences consumption among the Chinese. Another consideration to be made is that executives understand in general that there are business regulations in China but may not know them precisely. Doing business in China especially for a foreign company attracts regulations that are variant from the regulations from a company from the country. Therefore, the executives should be made aware of the production regulations, tax obligations and other business policies that applies to an international company doing business in China. The primary audience, which comprises of the business executives, are obliged to get the information and then pass it over to the junior staff and other colleagues not represented during the presentation. Their education background and experience provides a good platform for effective use of the information passed over to them. Their perception towards the information is contributed by the view that they will need to thoroughly understand the market since they already know that every market has its own dynamics. The executives will definitely respond positively towards the information because it is in their interest to go out into China and use the knowledge that they have acquired. Their expectation is that they will be able to get as much information as possible that will help them to get all the questions that they have answered. Their prior experience solidifies their confidence and strengthens their capacity to sit back and read the presentation for more insight. However, it is apparent that based on their experiences there are

My understanding of fine art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

My understanding of fine art - Essay Example Various implications can be discerned from this definition including, the fact that inherent creativity of the artist and their technical expertise is instrumental in creating visual art. The second key aspect that can be derived from this definition is that, the resultant artistic work is visually appealing to viewers and further stirs up their imagination, as they attempt to view the art form from the creator’s perspective or place themselves in the portrayed environment. It is also apparent from the definition that, visual art invokes the target audience’s cognitive thought, as people attempt to logically interpret it. Most importantly, as suggested in the definition, visual art conjures deeper spiritual meaning that is often unique to every observer. Every time we look at a photograph, we employ a wide array of intricate readings, ranging from visual and imaginative observations to intellectual views. These elements, coupled with the acknowledged creativity and technical proficiency of the photographer, irrefutably qualify a photograph as a visual art form. It is also imperative to take note of the fact that, the complexity of photograph reading is accentuated by the fact that observers bear varying assumptions and expectations of both the image and the subject of photograph. These distinctive aspects of photographs clearly support Clarke’s (181) assertion that, a photographer wields the ability to convey a more intense yet intangible message through an image, than the actual photographed subject. The author also emphasizes that such intricacy of photographs, as visual art forms, is made possible by a meld of the photographer’s technical expertise, light sensitivity, and a unique creative spirit. It is apparent that a photographic image, as a fine art form, is not only complex, but also fascinating and vast, with a broad range of unique attributes. Key among these features is the beauty or visual appeal of the photograph (Cotton 49). Even

Forced ranking and motivation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Forced ranking and motivation - Case Study Example It is usually done by use of periodical interviews conducted by managers or filling out questionnaires by supervisors and/or fellow subordinates. The results are afterwards analyzed and assessed (Spector, 2008). It is paramount to understand what forced ranking is with regard to performance appraisal before an individual gives an own opinion on whether it succeeds in motivation employees or not. Forced ranking is a contentious management tool that is used as an intervention of performance of organization’s employees. It is uses what statisticians refer to as a normal distribution curve to rank the employees from the highest performing to the poor performers in a given period of time. This is done after a series of periodical assessments of results using person-to-person comparisons. The premise behind this management tool is that in order for an organization to achieve its goals, they must categorize their best and worst performers. At this point, the management is left with e mployees at both extremes (Scullen, Bergey & Aiman-Smith, 2005). The next phase entails nurturing the best and rehabilitating or discarding the poor performers. In my opinion, forced ranking does not serve to improve results for any organization and does not motivate employees. To start with, whenever forced ranking results are completed, the majority of the employees fall at the mediocre level of the curve. Therefore, they feel comfortable that their jobs are still secure. This would lead to constant workers input that only saves them from being ranked as the poorest in an organization. In addition, the forced ranking does not portray the real picture of quality in any employee’s effort. When we consider motivation, forced ranking may sabotage the performance of highly rated employees. This is because, in any given appraisal activity, the method produces a normal curve irrespective of the performances staged by the employees (Pinder, 2008). In this case, an employee may have performed to the expected levels and capacity. These employees would expect to be recognized as having worked within their capacity thus providing exceptionally good results. However, they would still be ranked as a poor performer simply because some other employees have slightly better performances. According to the expectancy theory, the anticipation of the employee would affect his or her motivation towards work if the forced ranking places this kind of an employee at the poor performers’ level. The result would be a discouraged employee whose expectations of a reward do not come to be (Schultz & Nembhard, 2006). The obvious reaction after such an appraisal would lead to the employees comparing their respective performances. The poorly ranked employees would feel that the appraisal results were unfair whenever the perception of equal performances is imminent. According to the equity theory, the negative perception to unfairness would affect the employee’s complianc e to perform to their capacity. Furthermore, some employees who are ranked higher would compare their rewards to others of similar positions (Spector, 2008). If such employees think that they have been under-rewarded, they may end up underperforming in the subsequent years. Therefore, this method of appraisal does not motivate employees. As mentioned above, the premise of the equity theory is based on the perception of

Academic Pressures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Academic Pressures - Essay Example Stress could begin at very early childhood years and continues into later years depending upon the life’s situations. Psychologists as well as academic professionals have identified that many students undergo immense stress even during schooling, which intensifies as the challenges increase with academic advancement. More often, teenagers and/or adolescents in high school and early college years are most prone to academic pressures because of the rapid shift in their curricula, studying atmosphere, competition as well as biological changes in the growth process. Academic pressures begin with stress caused by parental expectations, peer pressure, competition, strict timelines, difficult curricula etc. These factors are meant to induce learning, inculcate discipline and help students achieve their academic curricula within set timelines. On the other hand, all these or each of these stressors significantly impact students’ memory and thinking ability. As Hales stated, â⠂¬Ëœbecause of stress’s impact on memory, students with advanced skills may perform worse under exam pressure than their less skilled peers’ (63). In general, academic pressures tend to crush the inherent abilities of teenage students.

Principles of Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Principles of Marketing - Essay Example ace’ component of the marketing mix this paper will discuss what distribution strategies are used in the industry, with an analysis of how much information is given during the adverts. Lastly this paper will discuss whether or not the adverts tell us anything about distribution and if the product utilizes a push or pull strategy. According to National Geographic (2010) the annual expenditures on cosmetics globally is approximately U.S. $18 billion annually. According to a study conducted by the UK based cosmetic store ‘Superdrug’ it is the case that 70% of women in the UK do not leave the house without makeup (Oneindia.com, 2010). Given the size of this industry and the demand for product there is little question that there are a number of different players have carved out a niche in the mascara industry. While the history of mascara may go back over a century, in the modern context some of the largest players in this market are L’Oreal, Revlon and Maybelline. Moreover, there are a number of smaller independent cosmetics makers that create niche products in the market such as Mary Kay. As it is the case there are different firms with different strategies it is difficult to pinpoint exactly what strategy is employed for each individual company. With aggressive strategies In terms of the promotion mix, advertising plays a very important role with the utilization of most media outlets such as television and radio adverts, billboards, in-store displays, direct marketing campaigns, web-content and even product placement. According to Peachey (2002) Revlon spent  £5m to play a pivotal part in the storyline of the American soap opera, ‘All My Children’ which frequently references the Mascara product offerings of the company. In the example of Mary Kay the company utilizes an aggressive ‘personal selling’ strategy so that an element of expert advice can be provided to help educate consumers of what product offerings can best meet the needs of the

Leadership and Management in Healthcare Research Paper

Leadership and Management in Healthcare - Research Paper Example Multidisciplinary approach is certainly beneficial but it is relatively complex and poses advance level challenges to leadership and management in delivering the goods for which it is formulated. Thereby, managing a healthcare organization in a multidiscipline and multicultural environment would demand a superior level of leadership and management characteristics that can meet the expectations of an increasingly aware society. Thesis This research paper will investigate various traits and characteristics that are considered indispensible to achieve organizational effectiveness and efficiency in a multidiscipline and multicultural healthcare organization. The paper will discuss leadership and management issues, approaches, traits and solutions from the perspective of a healthcare administrator to manage health and human services. The research will initially present some leadership and management issues that a healthcare administration may face. The paper will also discuss different ap proaches to settle these issues in healthcare management and personal traits in terms of leadership and management to analyze various approaches for respective pros and cons. The paper will then draw conclusions that can be useful for leadership and management of a multicultural and multidiscipline healthcare organization. Literature Review Demographic changes are a known phenomenon and diversity stems from it. The healthcare administrators have to be vigilant on ever increasing number of non-native healthcare professionals in their organizations because if diversity is a necessity the maintenance of healthcare tradition and enhancing the facility is an ultimate objective for healthcare administrators. Baxter (2000, p. 9) states this fact as, â€Å"The primary selling point of... The paper â€Å"Leadership and Management in Healthcare† analyses the issues that can be useful for leadership and management of a multicultural and multidiscipline healthcare organization. The healthcare administrators have to be vigilant on ever increasing number of non-native healthcare professionals in their organizations because if diversity is a necessity the maintenance of healthcare tradition and enhancing the facility is an ultimate objective for healthcare administrators. The diversity of healthcare force is almost inevitable and administrators are required to manage these professional with assorted background knowledge and understanding of the local requirements and standards in healthcare organizations. Areas of concern for administrators in a multicultural environment range from social approaches to financial concerns of this diversified workforce. This increases the burden of management and administrators have to be more compassionate because a satisfied workforc e is the primary requirement for an efficient and effective healthcare organization. The administrator has to keep in mind the workforce concerns and demands. Administrator in a multicultural health organization provides essential interfacing between the healthcare professionals and the community. The issues that stems from the interaction of culturally diverse workforce and communities constitute a major area where the role of leadership and management can make a difference in the delivery of healthcare services.

Purchasing power parity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Purchasing power parity - Essay Example bsolute purchasing power parity to distinguish it from a related theory relative purchasing power parity, which predicts the relationship between the two countries relative inflation rates and the change in the exchange rate of their currencies (Wikipedia, 2006). It is important in international economics for at least three reasons. First, it provides a particularly simple theory of exchange rate determination: it predicts that, if the relative price of two currencies is flexible, then it will adjust to equal the ratio of their price levels. Second, if this kind of adjustment does not take place, the ratio of price levels can nonetheless provide a reference point against which the current exchange rate can be deemed to be "under- or over-valued" relative to its PPP level. Finally, irrespective of whether PPP will ever occur in practice, deviations from it must be taken into account in making international and interregional comparisons of real income (Neary, 2004). The theory assumes that the actions of importers and exporters, motivated by cross country price differences, induces changes in the spot exchange rate. In another vein, PPP suggests that transactions on a countrys current account, affect the value of the exchange rate on the foreign exchange market. This contrast with the interest rate parity theory which assumes that the actions of investors, whose transactions are recorded on the capital account, induces changes in the exchange rate (Suranovic, 1999). Although earlier studies, like Froot and Rogoff (1995) had reported evidence of short run violations, many economists as Mc Donald (1996), Wu (1996) and others still hold the view that over the long run, relative price may move in proportion to the nominal exchange rate so that the real exchange rate will revert to its parity. Hence, it becomes important to test PPP as a long run relationship. PPP theory is based on an extension and variation of the "law of one price" as applied to the aggregate